The vertical space allocated to each line of text, affecting readability and overall text block appearance. Proper line height prevents cramped or overly loose text—typically 1.4-1.6 for body copy. Adjust line height proportionally with font size for consistent rhythm.

The vertical spacing between lines of text, measured from baseline to baseline and also known as line-height in CSS. Proper leading improves readability—too tight feels cramped while too loose breaks visual connection between lines. Generally, set leading between 1.4 and 1.6 times the font size for body text.

Ascenders are upward strokes on lowercase letters that extend above the x-height and influence legibility and typographic rhythm.

Cap Height is a type metric describing the vertical height of capital letters, used to align and compare typefaces.

A Descender is a typographic stroke extending below the baseline in letters such as g, p, and y, affecting line spacing and readability.

Midline is a typographic reference line that aligns the tops of short lowercase letters and helps define x-height proportion.